China’s Inner Mongolia bets on solar and wind but coal stays close

ORDOS, China (AP) — Seen from the air, the arrays of more than 3 million solar panels shimmering in the desert sun at the Dalad Banner solar farm are arranged in the shape of a galloping horse – a symbol of Inner Mongolia’s nomadic heritage. A short drive away stands one of the region’s many coal-fired power plants, one which sends electricity 700 kilometers (435 miles) to China’s capital Beijing.

The proximity of the projects embodies what experts describe as an “all-of-the-above” energy approach for Inner Mongolia, which has become China’s largest base of both renewable energy and coal production. Its energy transition mirrors China as a whole: Wind and solar capacity are expanding quickly while coal remains indispensable.

China has been installing wind and solar power faster than any other country. Yet coal-fired plants still supplied around 51% of China’s electricity in 2025, according to the latest data from the National Energy Administration.

“While China as a whole is transitioning away from coal, Inner Mongolia is most certainly the most paradoxical part of the story. In Inner Mongolia’s case, more renewables often means more coal capacity as well,” said David Fishman, an energy consultant at The Lantau Group, who has visited Inner Mongolia’s coal plants and the solar farms.

Inner Mongolia wants wind and solar power to in...