The future of rail: Watching, predicting, and learning

A recent industry report [PDF] argues that Britain’s railway network could carry an extra billion journeys by the mid-2030s, building on the 1.6 billion passenger rail journeys recorded to year-end March 2024. The next decade will involve a combination of complexity and control, as more digital systems, data, and interconnected suppliers create the potential for more points of failure.

The report’s central theme is that AI will become the operating system for modern rail, not as a single, centralised collection of models and algorithms, but as layers of prediction, optimisation, and automated monitoring found in infrastructure, rolling stock, maintenance yards, and stations (pp.18-23). This technology will guide human focus within daily work schedules rather than replace human activity entirely.

Maintenance to become predictive and data-driven

Traditional rail maintenance relies on fixed schedules and manual inspections, a reactive and labour-intensive practice. The whitepaper cites Network Rail’s reliance on engineers walking the track to spot defects (p.18). AI will shift the industry to predictive main...